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This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. AQ` n& Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Description. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. iU Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. hb```lJB 0 In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Resume watching the video until Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. 0 This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Watch the . Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Discover world-changing science. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. 318 0 obj <>stream The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. 0 Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. 2 In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Key Concepts. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. But why werent there any tuskless males?. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . a. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. 6. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. %%EOF Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. In . endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. a. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Lessons. %%EOF 255 0 obj <> endobj Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. 7. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. 2. 316 0 obj <>stream In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. II. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Video Activity 7. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. %PDF-1.5 % By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. %PDF-1.6 % Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. 2. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. 254 0 obj <> endobj hb```lRB biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. %PDF-1.6 % If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year.

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